Abstract
Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte, Thymelaeaceae, is cultivated for producing resinous heartwood, also called agarwood. Its leaves are a source of herbal tea in Vietnam due to its rich content of polyphenols. However, the α-glucosidase inhibition activity and the contents of phenolic compounds in leaves of different ages have not yet been determined. In the current study, 7 polyphenols [iriflophenone 3,5-C-β-D-diglucoside (1), iriflophenone 3-C-β-D-glucoside (2), mangiferin (3), iriflophenone 2-O-α-rhamnoside (4), genkwanin 5-O-β-primeveroside (5), genkwanin 4′-methyl ether 5-O-β-primeveroside (6), and genkwanin (7)] were isolated from the leaves of A crassna. Among them, genkwanin (7), an O-methylated flavone, was the most active compound that inhibited α-glucosidase activity, with an IC50 value of 24.0 μM. Molecular docking studies were performed to understand the binding interactions of the active compounds. In addition, a reliable and straightforward reversed-phase HPLC method was developed to determine the content of compounds in different leaves of A crassna. Mangiferin (3) showed the highest content. The contents of 1-4 contributed to the total polyphenolic contents and significantly decreased from the youngest to the oldest leaf. The contents of 5-7 fluctuated through various ages of leaves. Compounds 5 and 6 showed a low accumulation in the first and second leaves, then obtained high contents among middle leaves and declined in the oldest. These results suggested that A crassna and its polyphenols may prevent the development and progression of diabetes through α-glucosidase inhibition. Also, the analysis of the polyphenol content in A crassna may be helpful for tea product manufacture.

Cite: Nguyen, T. N. T., Le, T. D., Nguyen, P. L., Nguyen, D. H., Nguyen, H. V. T., Nguyen, T. K., Tran, M. H., & Le, T. H. V. (2022). α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and Quantitative Contribution of Phenolic Compounds From Vietnamese Aquilaria crassna Leaves. Natural Product Communications. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X221080326